1.Screening SIRT1 Activators from Medicinal Plants as Bioactive Compounds against Oxidative Damage in Mitochondrial Function.
Wang Y1, Liang X1, Chen Y1, Zhao X2. Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2016;2016:4206392. doi: 10.1155/2016/4206392. Epub 2016 Feb 11.
Sirtuin type 1 (SIRT1) belongs to the family of NAD(+) dependent histone deacetylases and plays a critical role in cellular metabolism and response to oxidative stress. Traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs), as an important part of natural products, have been reported to exert protective effect against oxidative stress in mitochondria. In this study, we screened SIRT1 activators from TCMs and investigated their activities against mitochondrial damage. 19 activators were found in total by in vitro SIRT1 activity assay. Among those active compounds, four compounds, ginsenoside Rb2, ginsenoside F1, ginsenoside Rc, and schisandrin A, were further studied to validate the SIRT1-activation effects by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and confirm their activities against oxidative damage in H9c2 cardiomyocytes exposed to tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP). The results showed that those compounds enhanced the deacetylated activity of SIRT1, increased ATP content, and inhibited intracellular ROS formation as well as regulating the activity of Mn-SOD.
2.[Progress of the regulation effect of ginsenosides on HPA axis].
Li H, Liu SY, Wang B. Yao Xue Xue Bao. 2014 May;49(5):569-75.
Ginseng is a typical adaptogen which has resistance to various stresses. This effect is related to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. As the main active ingredients, saponin has the similar structure to steroids. The regulation characteristics of ginseng saponin on the HPA axis are narrated from the aspects of total saponin and saponin monomers in this paper after the introduction of adaptation definition and HPA axis regulation mechanisms. Pharmacological effects of ginseng saponin and the regulation effect of HPA axis are summarized finally.
3.Quantitation of eleven active compounds of Aidi injection in rat plasma and its application to comparative pharmacokinetic study.
Liu R1, Ma R2, Yu C1, Bi CW3, Yin Y1, Xu H1, Shang H1, Bi K1, Li Q4. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 2015 Aug 3. pii: S1570-0232(15)30126-4. doi: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.07.059. [Epub ahead of print]
Aidi injection has been widely used for the treatment of colorectal cancer. The purpose of this study was to develop a sensitive and reliable method for simultaneous quantitation of 11 main active ingredients in Aidi injection and to compare the pharmacokinetics of these ingredients in normal and colorectal model cancer rats after tail vein injection. After being extracted by isopropanol-ethyl acetate (1:1, v/v), the plasma samples were analyzed with domperidone as internal standard. Then the analytes were separated on a Venusil MP C18 column with 0.15% formic acid and methanol. The detection was performed on HPLC-MS/MS system with turbo ion spray source in the positive ion and multiple reaction-monitoring mode. The assay was shown to be linear over the range of 0.004-4.0μgmL-1 of syringin B, astragaloside II and isofraxidin; 0.01-10.0μgmL-1 of calycosin-7-O-β-d-glucoside and astragaloside IV; 0.02-20.0μgmL-1 of ginsenoside Rg1, Rb1, Rc and Rd; 0.
4.Ginsenoside Rc from Korean Red Ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) Attenuates Inflammatory Symptoms of Gastritis, Hepatitis and Arthritis.
Yu T1,2, Rhee MH3, Lee J4, Kim SH5, Yang Y1,2, Kim HG1, Kim Y1, Kim C6, Kwak YS7, Kim JH8, Cho JY1. Am J Chin Med. 2016 Apr 24:1-21. [Epub ahead of print]
Korean Red Ginseng (KRG) is an herbal medicine prescribed worldwide that is prepared from Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer (Araliaceae). Out of ginseng's various components, ginsenosides are regarded as the major ingredients, exhibiting anticancer and anti-inflammatory activities. Although recent studies have focused on understanding the anti-inflammatory activities of KRG, compounds that are major anti-inflammatory components, precisely how these can suppress various inflammatory processes has not been fully elucidated yet. In this study, we aimed to identify inhibitory saponins, to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of the saponins, and to understand the inhibitory mechanisms. To do this, we employed in vitro lipopolysaccharide-treated macrophages and in vivo inflammatory mouse conditions, such as collagen (type II)-induced arthritis (CIA), EtOH/HCl-induced gastritis, and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-triggered hepatitis. Molecular mechanisms were also verified by real-time PCR, immunoblotting analysis, and reporter gene assays.