DNA VIRUSES Adenovirus Adenovirus primarily affects the immunosuppressed host but can produce outbreaks in healthy subjects living at close quarters, e.g., military recruits. Adenovirus typically produces ulcerative bronchiolitis with karyorrhexis, neutrophilic […]
RNA Viruses Influenza Influenza is a rod-shaped RNA virus that can cause either bronchiolitis or DAD without cytopathic changes. Influenza infection recurs each year due to a high incidence of mutation of […]
Each time the heart beats, it pumps blood into the arteries. This blood travels through the circulatory system to the organs and muscles of the body, carring the oxygen and […]
Bile acids (BAs) are natural detergents that solubilize dietary lipids in the intestinal tract. They are also important signaling molecules. BA regulate not only their own synthesis, but also have a role in […]
Linaclotide is a 14-amino acid peptide that stimulates intestinal guanylate cyclase type-C (GC-C) receptors. Linaclotide is acid stable and protease resistant with low bioavailability; it is undetectable in the systemic circulation […]