{"id":644,"date":"2017-05-30T21:03:03","date_gmt":"2017-05-31T02:03:03","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bocsci.com\/blog\/?p=644"},"modified":"2017-05-30T21:03:03","modified_gmt":"2017-05-31T02:03:03","slug":"dynamic-microwave-assisted-extraction-of-total-ginsenosides-from-ginseng-fibrous-roots","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bocsci.com\/blog\/dynamic-microwave-assisted-extraction-of-total-ginsenosides-from-ginseng-fibrous-roots\/","title":{"rendered":"Dynamic microwave-assisted extraction of total ginsenosides from ginseng fibrous roots"},"content":{"rendered":"

A dynamic microwave-assisted extraction (DMAE)\u00a0method is established for the extraction of total ginsenosides<\/a> from\u00a0ginseng fibrous roots. The extraction process has been simulated\u00a0and its main affection factors (liquid\/solid ratio K of solvent to\u00a0ginseng powders (V\/m), irradiation time, irradiation temperature,\u00a0extracting solution concentration, flow rate of solvent and microwave power) have been optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). The optimum conditions of extraction are the liquid\/solid ratio of 270 mL\/g, the extraction temperature of 75 \u2103,\u00a0the extraction time of 35 min, ethanol concentration of 70% (V\/V),\u00a0the solvent flow rate of 1.3 mL\/min, and the microwave power of\u00a0500 W. The yield of ginsenosides obtained by the proposed DAME\u00a0method is\u00a0(15.0\u00b10.7)%, which is well agreement with the yield\u00a0predicted by the model. Compared with static microwave-assisted\u00a0extraction, DMAE has a higher extraction yield and can avoid the\u00a0degradation of ginsenoside.<\/p>\n

Asian ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer), a\u00a0member of the Araliaceae plant family, is a wild plant\u00a0that has been cultivated for thousands of years in many\u00a0Asian countries, such as China, North Korea, South Korea, Russia and Japan. Its root is one of important Chinese herb medicines. Modern chemical and pharmacological studies indicate that many components in\u00a0P. ginseng<\/i><\/em>, such as flavonoid, saponins and polysaccharides,\u00a0have biologic activity and pharmacological activities that\u00a0include antioxidant, hypotensive, neuroprotective,\u00a0antibacterial, antitumor, cognitive, sedative, analgesic and anti-stress effects. In P. ginseng<\/i><\/em>, most of the bioactive ingredients are ginsenosides. These ginsenosides\u00a0are of a type of triterpenoidal saponins that consist of\u00a0polycyclic aglycones attached to one or more sugar side\u00a0chains.<\/p>\n

The extraction and use of ginsenosides from ginseng\u00a0roots have played an important role in the pharmacy. A\u00a0number of traditional extraction methods have been employed in the past years, including solvent extraction,\u00a0heat reflux extraction, Soxhlet extraction, and so on.\u00a0These traditional extraction processes are time-consuming and laborious.<\/p>\n

Microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) is a relatively new method by which microwave energy is used\u00a0to heat polar solvents in contact with solid samples and\u00a0to partition compounds of interest between the sample\u00a0and the solvent, reducing both extraction time and solvent consumption[5]. It also produces higher extraction\u00a0rates and better results with lower costs. Many biologically active compounds such as polyphenols from\u00a0Myrtus communis <\/i><\/em>L. leaves, anthocyanin from blueberry, ursolic acid from the leaves of eucalyptus\u00a0and\u00a0so on, have been extracted with application of microwave assisted extraction. The operational mode of MAE\u00a0could be classified into two kinds: Static MAE (SMAE) and dynamic MAE (DMAE). In the former, the solvent and extract are kept in extraction vessel in the whole\u00a0extraction process. Some compounds are easy to be decomposed at continuous high temperature. In addition,\u00a0when the extraction process finished, the vessels must be\u00a0cooled to room temperature before being opened to avoid\u00a0losses of volatile analytes, and the extract should be filtered or centrifuged. Thus the overall extraction time is\u00a0increased considerably.<\/p>\n

DMAE is an efficient technique for avoiding the\u00a0degradation of bioactive components. In DMAE, the\u00a0fresh solvent is continuously injected into the extraction\u00a0vessel and the target extract is rapidly moved out of the\u00a0vessel. This is very important to avoid the degradation of the target extract. At present, the DMAE technique has\u00a0been used for extraction of active ingredient such as caffeine, nicotine\u00a0and flavonoid. Ginsenosides has weak\u00a0thermal stability and main ginsenosides (Rg1, Re, Pb1,\u00a0Rc and Rd) can be decomposed in the condition of prolonged heating.<\/p>\n

In this study, a DMAE method is applied for extraction of total ginsenosides from ginseng fibrous roots to\u00a0avoid the degradation of ginsenosides. And several extraction conditions are optimized and discussed using\u00a0response surface methodology.<\/p>\n

In order to avoid the degradation of ginsenosides in\u00a0the extraction process at the continuous high temperature, DMAE method has been applied for the extraction\u00a0of ginsenosides<\/a> from the ginseng roots. Response surface\u00a0methodology is used to optimize and predict the DMAE process to obtain maximum yield of total ginsenosides.\u00a0The result shows that the yield of ginsenosides by\u00a0DMAE method is 15% higher than that by SAME\u00a0method. This work would be helpful for the further investigation for the DMAE of natural active ingredients\u00a0from other herbal materials.<\/p>\n

Reference:<\/p>\n

Zhang, Yuefei, et al. “Dynamic microwave-assisted extraction of total ginsenosides from ginseng fibrous roots.”\u00a0Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences<\/i><\/em>\u00a020.3 (2015): 247-254.<\/p>\n

Related Products:<\/h4>\n
<\/div>
<\/th><\/th><\/th><\/tr><\/thead>
CAS Number <\/td>Product Name <\/td>Description <\/td><\/tr>
41753-43-9 <\/td>Ginsenoside Rb1<\/a><\/td>Ginsenoside Rb1 shows anti-oxidative damage ,anti-renal interstitial fibrosis, immunostimulatory and anticancer effects. <\/td><\/tr>
11021-13-9 <\/td>Ginsenoside Rb2<\/a><\/td>Ginsenoside Rb2 is a 20(S)-protopanaxadiol glycoside extracted from ginseng. It shows potent antioxidant and anticancer biological activities. It inhibited invasiveness to the basement membrane of endometrial cancer cell lines Ishikawa. <\/td><\/tr>
11021-14-0 <\/td>Ginsenoside Rc<\/a><\/td>Ginsenoside Rc is a steroid glycoside, which is found exclusively in the plant genus Panax (ginseng). It has properties that inhibit or prevent tumors growth. It may have effects that prevent or limit the development of breast cancer. <\/td><\/tr>
52705-93-8 <\/td>Ginsenoside Rd<\/a><\/td>Ginsenoside Rd is a natural triterpenoid compound found in the roots of Panax ginseng C. A. Mey. <\/td><\/tr>
83480-64-2 <\/td>Ginsenoside Rd2<\/a><\/td>Ginsenoside Rd is a primary constituent of the ginseng rhizome and the administration of ginsenoside Rd significantly increased the reduced GSHPx and glutathione reductase activity. <\/td><\/tr>
52286-59-6 <\/td>Ginsenoside Re<\/a><\/td>Ginsenoside Re shows effective antidiabetic activities via significant antioxidant efficacy, particularly in the prevention of diabetic microvasculopathy. <\/td><\/tr>
52286-58-5 <\/td>Ginsenoside Rf<\/a><\/td>It inhibits Ca2+ channels in mammalian sensory neurons through a mechanism requiring G-proteins, whereas a variety of other ginsenosides were relatively ineffective. It might be useful in itself or as a template for designing additional modulators of neuronal Ca2+ channels. It induces G2\/M phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells through the mitochondrial pathway. <\/td><\/tr>
22427-39-0 <\/td>Ginsenoside Rg1<\/a><\/td>Ginsenoside Rg1 protects against arthitis through osteoclast differentiation inhibition. Ginsenoside Rg1 exhibits anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. <\/td><\/tr>
52286-74-5 <\/td>Ginsenoside Rg2<\/a><\/td>It has a neuroprotective effect against glutamate-induced neurotoxicity through mechanisms related to anti-oxidation and anti-apoptosis. It inhibits nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated Na+ influx and channel activity. It might regulate the 5-HT3A receptors that are expressed in Xenopus oocytes. It may have properties that inhibit or prevent the growth of tumors. <\/td><\/tr>
14197-60-5 <\/td>Ginsenoside Rg3<\/a><\/td>It shows a synergistic antitumor effect with cisplatin in cisplatin-resistant bladder tumor cell lines. It possesses an ability to inhibit the lung metastasis of tumor cells, and the mechanism of their antimetastatic effect is related to inhibition of the adhesion and invasion of tumor cells, and also to anti-angiogenesis activity. <\/td><\/tr>
186763-78-0 <\/td>Ginsenoside Rg5<\/a><\/td>Ginsenoside Rg5, a main constituent isolated from red ginseng, exhibits anti-inflammatory property as in LPS-stimulated alveolar macrophages it inhibited the expression of proinflammatory cytokines including IL-1\u03b2 and TNF-\u03b1, as same as inflammatory enzyme <\/td><\/tr>
147419-93-0 <\/td>Ginsenoside Rg6<\/a><\/td>Ginsenoside Rg6, extracted from steamed notoginseng, exhibited significantly potent inhibitory effects on IL-12 p40 production in LPSstimulated BMDCs. <\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A dynamic microwave-assisted extraction (DMAE)\u00a0method is established for the extraction of total ginsenosides from\u00a0ginseng fibrous roots. The extraction process has been simulated\u00a0and its main affection factors (liquid\/solid ratio K of […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[181],"tags":[429],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bocsci.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/644"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bocsci.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bocsci.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bocsci.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bocsci.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=644"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.bocsci.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/644\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":645,"href":"https:\/\/www.bocsci.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/644\/revisions\/645"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bocsci.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=644"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bocsci.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=644"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bocsci.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=644"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}