Other Information

microbial production

Microbial Production of Bio-based Plastics

At the 5th United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA-5) held in March 2022, 175 countries signed a resolution to end plastic pollution. The aim is to achieve a legally binding international agreement […]

peg lipid

PEG-Lipid: Structure and Properties

PEG-Lipid derivatives have the advantages of increasing the stability of liposomes, extending the half-life of blood circulation, improving tumor targeting efficiency and enhancing drug efficacy. In-depth study of the effects of […]

ADC toxicity

Effects of ADC Toxicity and Optimization Strategies

So far, the FDA and EMA have approved six ADC drugs for patients with solid tumors. Fig. 1 depicts the composition of each ADC (targeting antigen, mAb type, payload, and linker), […]

ligands in PROTACs

Thalidomide Analogs and Other CRBN Ligands in PROTACs

History of Thalidomide During the 1950s-1960s, thalidomide was widely used as an antiemetic for pregnant women, leading to a tragic outcome with thousands of cases of malformed babies. However, in 1965, […]

Trastuzumab ADC

Review of Structure-Activity Relationship Based on Trastuzumab ADC

Many approaches have been developed to improve the physical/chemical properties, potency and selectivity of antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs). Trastuzumab (Tz), a monoclonal antibody targeting HER2, was approved by the FDA in […]

Glycoconjugate Vaccine

Composition and Immune Mechanism of Glycoconjugate Vaccine

A conjugate vaccine is a type of vaccine that combines a weak or non-toxic part of a disease-causing microorganism (such as a bacteria or virus) with a carrier protein. The […]

Mechanisms of tumor immunity

Mechanisms of Tumor Immunity

Mechanisms of Immune Escape in Tumors Although the human immune system uses powerful immune cells and various immune measures, some immunogenic tumors evade clearance after initially being attacked by the […]

powder

Overview of Purine, Nucleoside, and Sugar Molecule Building Blocks

Purines are heterocyclic compounds composed of a pyrimidine ring and an imidazole ring and are the main components of nucleic acids. Their derivatives, such as adenine, guanine, and xanthine, are […]

lab experiment

Methods of Nucleoside Bond Formation

Nucleic acid is a biopolymer compound composed of nucleotides and is one of life’s basic substances. It is widely found in all animal and plant cells, microorganisms, and organisms, and […]

How to make mRNA vaccines in 18 steps

How to Make mRNA Vaccines in 18 Steps

The launch of two mRNA vaccines in 2020 marked the formal entry of mRNA technology into the commercial era. Strong vaccine demand is expected to bring bright prospects to the entire […]